If you know for sure that your family is complete, permanent sterilization is an option.
How well does it work? Fewer than 1% of users will get pregnant in a year.
While sterilization procedures can be reversed in very few people, the reversal process can be expensive with no guarantee of success. So if you’re not 100% sure, a long-acting reversible method such as an IUD or implant is likely a better fit, says Suneela Vegunta, M.D.
Male sterilization (vasectomy) is a form of male birth control that cuts the supply of sperm to the semen. It’s done by cutting and sealing the tubes that carry sperm (vas deferens). Vasectomy has a low risk of problems and can usually be performed in an outpatient setting under local anesthesia — medication that numbs a specific location of the body.
In female sterilization (tubal ligation) — also known as having your tubes tied — the fallopian tubes are cut and removed, tied, or blocked to permanently prevent pregnancy. Sterilization can be done during a cesarean section. Tubal ligation prevents the egg from traveling from the ovaries through the fallopian tubes and blocks sperm from traveling up the fallopian tubes to the egg. The procedure doesn’t affect the menstrual cycle. Sterilization is associated with minimal side effects such as bleeding, some postoperative pain and possible injury to surrounding structures. This is done laparoscopically as an outpatient procedure, using either general anesthesia or other medications.
Vasectomy is a less invasive procedure than tubal ligation. Vasectomy requires an incision or puncture in the scrotum, while tubal ligation requires an incision or punctures in the abdominal wall. Plus, the cost of a vasectomy is far less than the cost of a tubal ligation. Dr. Vegunta typically recommends vasectomy over tubal ligation if both procedures are options.
Learn more about what is available now and newer options being approved in this 5 part series on birth control:
Birth control pills and beyond: Exploring your contraception options – Part 1
Looking to maintain a regular cycle? Estrogen-progestin combination options – Part 2
Looking for lighter or no bleeding? Progestin-only options – Part 3
Contraception when you need it – Part 4
Relevant reading
Mayo Clinic Guide to Pain Relief, Third Edition
A comprehensive guide to managing chronic pain and living well in spite of it.
